ENGLISH MAGIC COURSE AND SPOKEN ENGLISH
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learn English instant. how to speak English fluently and how to improve your communication skills
Pronoun
A pronoun is used in the place of a noun or phrase. Or Pronouns are words that substitute a noun or another pronoun.
Examples - I, you, he, she, it, who, themselves.
Types of pronouns
1- Subject Pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, and they)
2- Object Pronouns (Me, you, him, her, it, us, and them)
3- Reflexive Pronouns (Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves)
4- Possessive Pronouns (Mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
5- Demonstrative Pronouns (This, that, those, these)
6- Relative Pronouns (Who, which, that, whose)
Subject pronouns are used to replace the subject (person or thing) of a verb.
We do NOT normally say:
Olivia is tall and Olivia is intelligent.
Noun
A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events, ideas and feelings. A noun functions as a subject or object of a verb and can be modified by an adjective.
Examples - John, lion, table, freedom, love
Different types of Nouns
There are different types of nouns:
Examples –
Examples –
Examples –
Some Collective Nouns
Examples –
More Examples of Common Nouns:
Examples –
Examples –
Plural Vs Singular
Nouns can be singular or plural. The plural form of a noun is usually formed by adding s at the end of the noun. But this is not always the case. There are exceptions to the rule. Some plurals are irregular.
Singular Vs Plural Examples –
Leaf – Leaves
Knife – Knives
Scarf - Scarves
Singular Examples –
Plural Examples –
Parts of Speech
In grammar, a part of speech is a linguistic category of words. In English there are eight parts of speech.
In the English language, words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech. This article will offer definitions and examples for the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar:
A list of parts of speech
A list of parts of speech in English grammar include the following:
Examples - John, lion, table, freedom, love
Examples - I, you, he, she, it
Examples - go, write, exist
Examples - Good, beautiful, nice
Examples - Completely, never, there, Slowly, Rapidly, Clumsily.
Examples - In, above, to, for, at
Examples - And, but, when
Examples - Oh!, Hurrah!, Oops
Common Mistakes to Avoid for Beginners
English is a confusing language; there is no doubt about that. There are a lot of mistakes even native speakers make.
This is the most common mistake new learners make. If you focus on correcting your grammar, your English would sound extremely weird to a native speaker. Grammar actually hurts your ability to speak English.
‘On time’ as in punctual. For example: ‘I am always on time.” Where ‘in time’ means before a deadline. For example: “I submitted by college assignment just in time.”
Practice using these two phrases.
It is common to make mistakes with he/she/him/her. In languages where no gender is specified, it can be a problem for people to learn gender specific pronouns. In many cases, people mix up ‘he’ and ‘she’. It does not cause any difference in speech, but would make for very funny incidents.
A lot of people have been seen to make mistakes with ‘fun’ and ‘funny’. ‘Fun’ is a noun, while ‘funny’ is an adjective. For example: ‘The rides were fun’ and ‘My friend is funny’. Something that causes enjoyment and pleasure is ‘fun’, on the other hand, a person or incident that can make you laugh is ‘funny’.
This is another common mistake for people learning English. Sometimes, new learners do not place the ‘s’ at the end of a word to make a plural. Problems arise when a word is considered uncountable, or a name that already ends with an ‘s’. For example, if a person's last name is Smiths, you would not say ‘There are a lot of Smithses in our building’, you would say ‘There are a lot of Smiths’ in our building’.
AvLess and fewer are confusing terms and are often used interchangeably. There are not ‘less’ people, there are ‘fewer’ people.
Another common mistake is the use of ‘a’ and ‘the’. ‘A’ is used when referring to something for the first time. ‘The’ is used when referring to something specific. Do not use these articles when speaking about things in general such as means, transport or places.
‘Who’ is used for a person, while ‘that’ is used for an object? This is a common mistake. ‘Who’ describes a living being? For example: ‘The boy who yelled wolf’ and ‘the cycle that rolled off the hill’
Step 1: Go on the Internet and look common mistakes made while learning English for your native language
Step 2: Keep a pen and paper besides you
Step 3: Write down all the mistakes you have been making
Step 4: Understand the correct way to use the words or phrases
Step 5: Make your own sentences using these words and phrase
The hidden secrets that will help you learn English in a weekend
Since you can read English, you could strive to perfect it in one weekend. It will not be easy to learn everything there is to learn in a weekend but if you work hard enough, it can be done. However, implement what you learn is probably the hardest part.
Do not slip up and start using your native language. Even when you are with your own people, speak in English. If you do not have any way to speak English outside, do it at home. Watch T.V. or read a book and repeat out loud. Not speaking English will not help you learn. You have to use it to remember it!
Everyday, for at least one hour, study the language. Study the words, the history of the words, learn the grammatical rules etc. Even if you spend only half an hour a day, that will work. Think of your English skills as a piece of iron that will rust and break apart if you do not study and oil it.
Setting goals for yourself is a good way to learn English. Pick common everyday words, and decide to use them regularly by the end of the week or month. You could set any goal you want. This would also turn learning English into a challenge with yourself.
Being confident means speaking English when you are outside, even if you are not good at it. Do not apologize for not being able to speak properly, instead ask for help and advise. It is essential to be confident or you will never have the guts to speak out in the open and you will never find out what your level of English is.
While you are learning, it would be a good idea to keep a notebook with you at all times. Every time you come across a word that you do not understand, write it down! After that look for its meaning. At the end of your day, go through this list and learn the words on it. Try making sentences in which you can use these new words that you learned. This is a good practice because without writing down the words, chances are that you will forget them.
Speaking in English outside with other people is not your only problem, you also have to learn to listen. Speaking and listening require two different parts of your body. You have to train your ears to listen to a new language and differential the words. Listen as much as you can. You could also read aloud and this way you would be listening to yourself.
Learning anything new can be emotionally draining, but do not start thinking in a negative way. Instead of thinking “I can’t” think “I will”. Set a date, say a year or two years down the line, when you will be a fluent speaker, reader and writer in English.
Everything requires hard work, even learning a language. It is important not to think of it as something that will occur in its own time. You can work hard and reduce your learning time.
Motivation is the best tool! Treat you and your friends to dinner after you complete a particular goal. Also, ask your friends to test you. This way you will not only look forward to dinner with friends every weekend, but also completing goals on time.
To develop a vast vocabulary, use a thesaurus. Learn different words with the same meanings, and then use these words in a sentence. Here, you might also see a word that you find fascinating.
If you know other people trying to learn English, propose a group study. They always work better than trying to study alone. In the group, test each other using flashcards. This will not only be fun, but you will retain more when you are in a group.
Do not just learn new words, remember to learn their spellings as well. Spelling as important to learn pronunciations. However, many times in English the words are not always pronounced as they are spelled. I would suggest using an online source to perfect your pronunciations, and then writing each word while pronouncing it aloud. This would develop an association in your brain for the word.
To talk as a native speaker talking in English, it is important to pay special attention to idioms and colloquialisms. Make a separate notebook for these and follow the same process as you use for the words.
Revise every word you have learned during the week on Sunday, or any other day. This way you make sure that the words stay with you. Remember to speak out loud so you hear yourself and your ears are trained to catch the word.
Whenever you have time on your hands, watch an English movie. This way you will get used to the idea of listening to and speaking English. It will begin to seen like a natural language. Songs can be heard any time, so pick your favorite songs and play them. Pay attention to pronunciations. Do not use subtitles or you will not pay attention to what the person is saying. Books are for readings, when you are watching a movie, listen!
Step 1: Pick a topic that is trending
Step 2: Decide on your opinion on the topic
Step 3: Prepare a speech on a pen and paper
Step 4: In a gathering of friends or family, make this speech!
English Writing - Improvement Tricks and Tips
As I said earlier, a language has four components – Reading, listening, speaking and writing. Each of these components is complementary to each other. Once you know how to listen, read and speak English, it is time to finish the process by writing properly. Writing is probably the easiest to do; however one can make mistakes in spellings. Also, a person thinks and writes at different speeds and that could unintentionally ruin the sentence. Still, writing is not all that easy. Problems arise when it comes to punctuation marks.
Just like reading and expanding your vocabulary, writing properly involves a lot of practice. Pick a topic, and start writing. Do this exercise everyday. Make a portfolio of all your pieces and review them in a month and look for mistakes that you made. Once you are done, ask a friend to edit it for you.
Once you have figured out your mistakes, make it a point to learn the correct version. Incorporate the corrected version in your next piece of writing exercise.
While you are practicing your writing skills, do not use a guide or dictionary. Make mistakes and then learn from those mistakes. If you do not make mistakes you will never learn. Once you know the mistakes you made, start writing again and try correcting those same mistakes.
Make it a point to use at least two new words and phrases, as well as idioms, slang and colloquialisms in your article. Make sure you ask somebody to correct these if they are wrong.
The punctuation marks you use at the end of each sentence will set the tone of that particular sentence. Whether it is an exclamation (!) or a question (?) depends on how you frame your sentence.
Step 1: Pick a topic that interests you and are passionate about
Step 2: Start a blog based on the topic.
Common Mistakes to Avoid for Beginners
English is a confusing language; there is no doubt about that. There are a lot of mistakes even native speakers make.
This is the most common mistake new learners make. If you focus on correcting your grammar, your English would sound extremely weird to a native speaker. Grammar actually hurts your ability to speak English.
‘On time’ as in punctual. For example: ‘I am always on time.” Where ‘in time’ means before a deadline. For example: “I submitted by college assignment just in time.”
Practice using these two phrases.
It is common to make mistakes with he/she/him/her. In languages where no gender is specified, it can be a problem for people to learn gender specific pronouns. In many cases, people mix up ‘he’ and ‘she’. It does not cause any difference in speech, but would make for very funny incidents.
A lot of people have been seen to make mistakes with ‘fun’ and ‘funny’. ‘Fun’ is a noun, while ‘funny’ is an adjective. For example: ‘The rides were fun’ and ‘My friend is funny’. Something that causes enjoyment and pleasure is ‘fun’, on the other hand, a person or incident that can make you laugh is ‘funny’.
This is another common mistake for people learning English. Sometimes, new learners do not place the ‘s’ at the end of a word to make a plural. Problems arise when a word is considered uncountable, or a name that already ends with an ‘s’. For example, if a person's last name is Smiths, you would not say ‘There are a lot of Smithses in our building’, you would say ‘There are a lot of Smiths’ in our building’.
AvLess and fewer are confusing terms and are often used interchangeably. There are not ‘less’ people, there are ‘fewer’ people.
Another common mistake is the use of ‘a’ and ‘the’. ‘A’ is used when referring to something for the first time. ‘The’ is used when referring to something specific. Do not use these articles when speaking about things in general such as means, transport or places.
‘Who’ is used for a person, while ‘that’ is used for an object? This is a common mistake. ‘Who’ describes a living being? For example: ‘The boy who yelled wolf’ and ‘the cycle that rolled off the hill’
Step 1: Go on the Internet and look common mistakes made while learning English for your native language
Step 2: Keep a pen and paper besides you
Step 3: Write down all the mistakes you have been making
Step 4: Understand the correct way to use the words or phrases
Step 5: Make your own sentences using these words and phrase
Easy Methods for Improving English Reading Skills
Learning how to read is an important part of learning English. It expands your vocabulary and gives you fluency. If you are in a country where English is the main language, you will not get by without learning how to read. Also, reading is substantially easier than speaking and writing, or even listening.
Reading English can get downright weird! Why? ‘Read’ and ‘read’ have the same spelling but different meanings as well as pronunciations. ‘Read’ is pronounced as ‘reed’, which is in present tense while ‘read’ is pronounced as ‘red’, which is in the past tense.
A few steps for you to start improving your reading skills are explained below.
Preferably, you should stick to reading a book that is your level. Do not decide to read Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. You can do that when you have successfully mastered the language. That novel will not disappoint! You can read children’s books, newspapers, comics, or anything else. Once you have decided, go pick up the books from the library or bookshop.
Reading takes patience. Do not try rushing through the book or newspaper. Concentrate on every word that you read. If you do not understand a particular word or phrase, look it up in a dictionary or on Google. Do not proceed without understanding it completely.
Rereading is a good exercise. You know how when you watch a movie for the second time, you pick out all that bits of information that you missed out on the first time you watched it? Rereading does the exact same thing. At times, while reading, a person fazes out. That means he or she is reading but not really concentrating or understanding. A second read makes everything clearer.
Make a list of all the new words you come across with their meaning. After you finish reading the text, go through this list and try using the words in your daily life.
Read every few sentences or paragraphs out loud. Concentrate on your pronunciation. This will help in developing fluency while reading. Fluency in speech is not the only thing that is important!
Once you are done reading, summarize everything you read by either writing it down, or by speaking out in front of friends and family. You could also do this by yourself in front of the mirror. Remember to do this in English.
Step 1: Pick an English book or topic over the internet of your interest
Step 2: Keep a dictionary, pen and a paper alongside
Step 3: Scan, skim and start reading the text out loud in a subtle speech
Step 4: Break the words that are difficult to pronounce at one go into sounds and speak in a connecting flow. In you don't know how that particular word sounds, refer to an audio dictionary and follow. Eg: Anticipation = An - tee — see — pay — shun.
Step 5: Note down new phrases, words and expressions you come across while reading and simultaneously take meaning from the dictionary.
Step 6: On completion, review the topic in your head.
Step 7: Note the estimated time you took to read the text, number of words read and as a trend, try and speed up with every third time you read.
How to Speak English Fluently
Fluency is the ability to speak a language with ease, without any hiccups! Now, you must be wondering what I mean by ‘without any hiccups’. Do not take that literally! It is an idiom. An idiom is a group of words whose actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. ‘Without any hiccups’ does not mean speaking a language without suffering from a bout of hiccups, what it means is speaking a language without stopping and stuttering, and being unsure of how to use your words. Fluency means knowing how to use your words with ease and comfort.
Fluency comes with practice. You cannot study every “How to speak English” book and expect to be fluent in the language. Practice is a must! Also, if you think you read well and so you must be fluent as well, you are mistaken! Reading and speaking are very different.
The thing with leaning English is that you need not concentrate on the grammar while speaking. Concentrate on conversing. English is a weird language with a lot of loopholes.
Practicing speaking in English is a must. You cannot learn how to speak fluently otherwise. The reason for this is the slang that has infiltrated the language and also the utter lack of regard for grammatical rules while speaking. However, if one starts using correct grammar, by the book, English would sound extremely weird.
Learn how to begin a conversation. This will also grow your confidence. While standing in line, ask the person in front or behind you a simple question such as ‘What time is it?’ Try continuing with the conversation. If you have trouble understanding the person, politely ask them to repeat what they said. Normally, people say “I’m sorry?” but you could also say “Pardon”.
Practicing English speech will require confidence. During a social gathering, start small conversations. Do not hesitate to ask the person to repeat him or herself. If you do not understand the meaning of a particular word or phrase, ask them to clarify. Chances are they know you are in the learning process and would gladly help. Do not think that you can go home and open Google translations and type in the word or phrase they used. This does not work! Also, do not feel embarrassed when somebody corrects you. You could also go to a karaoke bar!
Reading and speaking is not enough. Listen to how people speak, the pronunciations, and the way words are use. Watch T.V., listen to songs etc. This way you are listening to other people speak and observe how they pronounce the words.
Read novels. Concentrate on the formation of the sentences. Novels have dialogues, a conversation between two people that you can use to your advantage. Notice how people speak. They do not pay attention to the grammar as much as they do to talking. Also, when you are reading, mark every unusual phrase or word and find out what it means. Incorporate new words into your vocabulary.
Avoid translating what you hear, or what you say. Translating a phrase from your mother tongue to English or vice versa will completely ruin the actual meaning of the phrase. It will also most likely be incorrect. Instead, use a dictionary
I’ve been using the term ‘phrases’ a lot. You may know a thousand words in the language, but putting them together and making an intelligible sentence could be difficult. This is because you are not concentrating on using the words you are learning. To speak fluently, you need to learn how to put words together into phrases and sentences.
Idioms are an essential part of the English language. You will find yourself dumbstruck if you do not understand idioms. You might hear somebody saying ‘break a leg’ to you before your English exam, and you would be baffled at why somebody would want you to break a leg. ‘Break a leg’ is actually an idiom meaning ‘best of luck’ or ‘I hope you do well’. Fluency in English requires the knowledge of idioms.
To become fluent, think of yourself as a person who can speak English. You will make mistakes, but these are the building blocks. As a student, you would probably find yourself studying Grammar books. This is not important. To speak English properly, you do not need to study Grammar books. You would also be wasting a lot of your time by reading these books.
An English-speaking friend is the perfect person to be with when learning the language. Surrounding yourself with people who can speak English fluently is important. You can ask a friend to help you along the way. Make it a point to talk in English, no matter how scattered it sounds. Ask friends and colleagues to correct you if you are wrong.
Build a library of English songs and movies. This works better than just reading or listening to others speak. Songs and movies stick to your mind. ‘My Fair Lady’ is a good movie to watch since you are learning English.
Make it a point to think in English and not your mother tongue. Whenever you are talking to yourself or thinking, do it in English. This way you will become more comfortable with the idea of speaking and learning the language
Every night before going to bed, record your day’s events in an audio journal in English. You will find that you speak much better when you do not have to worry about embarrassing yourself in front of others. When you realize that you can speak reasonably well without stumbling around, your confidence will grow and you will find yourself initiating conversations
Incorporate these points in your day-to-day life.
Step 1: Watch an English movie twice and concentrate on how a person speaks
Step 2: On a piece of paper, note down all idioms and colloquialisms you come across
Step 3: Look up their meanings
Step 4: Make your own sentences and try incorporating them in your everyday life
QR codes are a type of barcode that can be scanned by a QR code reader in order to obtain information. They are encoded with data related to a certain subject, and they can be used in many different ways. QR codes are useful for storing URLs, contact information, and more.
QR codes are a form of 2-dimensional barcode that can store large amounts of data. QR codes are most often used to encode URLs for quick access, but they can also be used to encode any type of data. QR codes are read using a phone's camera and an app, which decodes the information encoded in the code and takes the user to the desired website or other data.
QR codes are a type of matrix barcode, or two-dimensional code, that is used to convey information. They are most commonly used in marketing. QR codes can be scanned by smartphones and can be used to direct users to websites, social media pages, or videos.
QR (Quick Response) codes are a type of two-dimensional barcode. They are used to encode information and can be read by smartphones, tablet computers, and dedicated QR readers. The QR code was invented in Japan by Denso-Wave in 1994 to track vehicles during the manufacturing process. QR codes are now commonly used for storing URLs and other information which can be accessed via a smartphone's web browser.
A QR code, or Quick Response code, is a machine-readable code consisting of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background. These black modules are actually tiny square cells that can each contain one of 256 possible colors. QR codes have been used in advertising and packaging to perform functions such as product tracking and marketing.
QR codes were first popularized in Japan, but have since become extremely common in other parts of the world. Today, QR codes are used in marketing and advertising. In Japan, QR codes are often used for product tracking. They can also be used for various functions including product authentication, product tracking, customer service, product information, and more.
QR codes are also used in other ways. You could, for example put a QR code on an ad that links to a video or a website. Or you could write a QR code on a business card with a link to an online form to help your customers contact a company. You can also use QR codes to find information online.
QR code maker online tool is a web-based QR code generator that allows the user to create QR codes quickly and easily from any URL, text, or image. The QR code generator is extremely simple to use and does not require any coding knowledge to use, which makes it an easy and efficient method of QR code generation. This website is free and can be used to create QR codes for both personal and commercial use. The QR code generator is available to use in any country.
Select your options and click the "generate" button. Your passord will appear above.
MY TODAY'S BLOG TO LEARN ENGLISH
hey guys!!!!!!
how are you all?
hope you all are fine.
today I'll tell about my life how it's going on.
Now -a -days, it's going a very simple life at my home because my thumb had a facture and I am taking a rest. my sister marriage has coming up and I was thinking how would I attend her marriage because I would not able to wear any party wear dress and I am very sad to think this but it's ok I'll manage. now a days my whole day spending with my phone because I won't be able to do something. so I was thinking that I will write my blog about my daily lifestyle what I will do you in my life all these things I will share with you all.
Few days ago I have given my exam of c.tet and the result will come next month in February I am little bit worry about it. let's see what happen. today is raining and it's very cold at my place. In my free time search a job and watch knowledgeable things in Google.
Most of the time I feel something missing in my life because I did study only but not did something special in my life.
I want to achieve my goals and I know to myself I can do better in my life and I will not stop in my life until I won't be achieve my goal.
read it my blog and I will share with you all things what's happening in my life.
keep practicing to learn English to speak English and write also. all the best.
how to use prepositions.
from
1. the boy was absent from school.
2. you must abstain from smoking.
3. you must avoid smoking.
4. my uncle has come from Assam.
5. he prevents me from going there
By
1. his company is progressing by leaps and bounds.
2. I was accompanied by my father.
3. please don't get disturbed by this news.
4. he was highly amused by my story.
5. this packet should reach Mumbai by Monday.
With
1. you don't know how to deal with others.
2. we should be acquainted with the English language.
3. he was gifted with the talent for painting.
4. we got fed up with his behaviour.
5. my boss was pleased with me.
In
1. he was absorbed in his work.
2. shila is deaf in one ear.
3. you must be polite in your behaviour.
4. he is well versed in music.
Of
1. he was sure of success.
2. he is fully aware of his weakness.
3. he is fond of mangoes.
4. he reminds me of his brother.
5. it's a matter of great honour for me.
For
1. In she preparing for the test?
2. I always care for him.
3. he apologized to me for his misbehavior.
4. he will have to account for the money.
To
1. he is addicted to smoking.
2. some people prefer wealth to health.
3. he referred the matter to the higher authorities.
Into
1. the police inquired into the matter.
2. we put our books into our bags.
3. he went into the room.
Against
1. I always want you against your enemies.
2. the doctor warned him against working too hard.
On
1. his criticism is not based on facts.
2. why are you bent on going there?
3. we cannot rely on him.
Over
1. snow is scattered over the road.
2. The bridge is over the river.
About
1. the mother is worried about her son's health.
2. she was inquiring about Seema.
phrase prepositions
1. I was about to go.
2. he succeeded by dint of hard work.
3. we should be prepared to sacrifice everything for the sake of our country.
4. we should act in favour of our friends.
5. we must work in order to live.
6. my friend came to see me in spite of being very busy.
7. can you give me your bicycle in exchange for my watch?
8. he had to leave suddenly in the midst of meeting.
9. Pankaj had to give up studies for want of money.
crossing our legs
Do you cross legs at your knees when sitting? Although we may believe that this is the lady like elegant way to sit, setting this way chords down circulation to your legs. If you don't want vericos veins to mar the beauty of your legs and compromise your health can cross your legs every time you realise you have one knee on top of the other. the best way to set is to simply place both legs together on the floor, balancing your weight equally.if you feel like changing position instead of crossing your legs simply move both legs together to one side. As an alterative, you could also consider crossing your legs loosely at the ankles. This is a classically elegant way to say it is far better for your legs and your health than sitting with your legs crossed at knees.
Eating out often
There are oils that are high in cholesterol and oils that cause little harm and oil that are heart friendly. However, no matter how light the oil is it is never a good idea to eat too much of it. Avoid fried foods. Remember that in all probability your favourite restaurants throws a huge amount of butter in a tiny bowl of rice. Rita, who worked in the kitchen of a five star hotel was shocked when she saw the cook chop a 500 gram butter slab in half and throw half into a pasta. No Wanda their customers left licking their fingers and no wonder they felt so I stopped and heavy afterwards. Limit outdoor eating unless you know that you are getting saved light and healthy food.
skipping breakfast
never ever skip breakfast. Remember, your body needs food at the start of the day, more than at any other time. Eat a heavy breakfast. You will then be busy through the day. if you are trying to diet, eat a light dinner. Being informed and making a few changes can help make us a whole lot better.
pillows
No matter how comfortable sleeping with ten cushions is, have pity on your neck and resist. sleep with one pillow and make sure it is not to thick. if your pillow gets lumsy, discard it and go for a new one get a thin pillow if you sleep on your stomach and a little thicker if you sleep on your back to give your neck adequate support.
high heels
High heels Sure looks great, but they are not good for back this, however doesn't mean you should steer clear of stilettos wear them when going out for lunch or dinner, when the only walking you will be doing is to your car to the table and back avoid high heels when you are going somewhere on foot. invest in a new pair of beautiful flats or shoes with a low heel. Buy something you love and that you enjoy wearing.
sleeping on a soft bed
you don't have to sleep on the floor but make sure you have a firm mattress. springs are soft and lovely to sink into but bad for your back. if you already have an old bed with springs,you don't need to invest in a new one simply get thick wooden plank over the springs, and lace the mattress on the plank. similarly, if you are mattress is old and lumpy, throw it out and get a new one. You will be spending hours on a sofa, get a firm yet comfortable one. Sofas you completely sink into are not the best idea.